Iodine is a necessary trace elements in human body. Because iodine is the raw material for synthesis of thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency can lead to a reduction of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and endocrine hormone of thyroid hormone are necessary for human development. Human brain in formation Shi has two a development, and differentiation of strong period, is most easy by damage of period, scientific community to it called brain development of critical period, a is fetal age 10-18 week, this is neural mother cell proliferation, and development and the differentiation, and migration, and formation brain organization of period; second is living 3 months to health Hou 2 aged, is brain development mature of main stage. Synthesis of these two phases need more iodine to enough thyroid hormone supply of brain development, if iodine deficiency will cause varying degrees of Mental retardation, light will result in loss of 5~10 IQ, severe cases lead to Mormonism, and mental damage caused by iodine deficiency is not reversible. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women can cause fetal brain development barriers, after birth can also be expressed as apparent low intelligence and psychomotor disorders, such as deaf, hemiplegia and little typical manifestations of cretinism, severe cases can cause deformities, preterm birth, miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death.
We can see, iodine is very important for pregnant women and infants, pregnant women before pregnancy determination of iodine in urine will come to the hospital, if there is not enough to replenish.
Iodine is one of the smaller content of elements in the Earth\'s crust, at least 130 countries around the world, 1 billion people live in iodine-deficient environment, China\'s population living in severe iodine deficiency areas up to 425 million, accounted for the total population of 40%, mild iodine deficiency has spread to the nation. National implementation of universal salt iodization, is for the national status of iodine deficiency.
However, just normal people can meet the basic demand for iodine of iodized salt, pregnant women, lactating women increased demand for iodine than ordinary 30%~100%, as the extension of the time of pregnancy in pregnant women and fetal growth and increasing demand for iodine, iodine intake in their own double need to satisfy both the fetus and pregnant women. In addition, iodine metabolism in pregnant women is different from non-pregnant women. In recent years, the study found that after normal pregnancy, their increase in renal clearance rate of iodine, that is, the kidney can discharge of pregnant women more iodine and the endogenous lost, so prone to iodine and malnutrition during pregnancy. International organizations such as WHO recommends daily iodine intake in pregnant women should not be less than 200 micrograms.
Iodine nutrition of lactating women is also very important for infant brain development after birth, specially to remind those who are not breastfeeding infants should note this during the supply of iodine. Mammary gland with iodine concentration ability, to ensure the iodine nutrition of infants and young children, as shown by the mother on infant congenital protection function, is one of the basis we actively promote breastfeeding. If lactation women iodine nutrition insufficient, early because breast to concentrated set iodine and priority guarantee has baby of iodine supply, mother itself may is iodine lack State, but as deficiency iodine spent time extended, milk in the iodine content is will decline, eventually caused child care with others group different, they daily on iodine of intake volume should is greater than discharge volume, to meet infant thyroid reserves iodine gradually increased of demand.
Therefore, the experts believe that pregnant women, lactating women and infants should be focus of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and treatment in China, monitoring populations, active promotion of pregnant and lactating women to ensure qualified iodized salt consumption, and should be appropriate to use some natural food rich in iodine, eat kelp, seaweed, fish, shrimp and other iodine-containing a wealth of seafood.
