Epidemic meningitis epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis for short, is common in the spring of an acute respiratory infection in February-April and peaks of onset, this disease in children aged 6 months-15. Due to the impact of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children with mental and physical health greatly, so popular in this season, parents should be given a high degree of vigilance.
Of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children with specific symptoms
In the winter and spring season, due to the significantly more outdoor sports indoor activity of children and, therefore, more frequent contact between adults and close. At the same time from the effects of climate or temperature fluctuation in cold and dry, some breeds of pathogenic bacteria, can cause upper respiratory tract infections, respiratory weakening local resistance, creating an incentive to the infections of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Meningitidis infections from the nasopharynx, and then the bacteria invade the blood circulation and ultimately achieve meningeal or other parts of the body, producing inflammatory damage. So after the incubation period of 2-3 days, will produce the following symptoms:
Initially presented as upper respiratory tract infection symptoms
Most children with no obvious symptoms, some patients have a sore throat, nasopharyngeal mucosa and secretions increase congestive, form of rhinitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Patients with sudden chills, fever temperature may reach 40 degrees centigrade, recurrent attacks of headache, and vomiting, vomiting is Jet-like.
Early symptoms of skin shows
Visible bleeding point or ecchymosis, lip weeks sometimes occur after the onset of herpes, can also be found in mouth, ears, chest, limbs, genitalia and buttocks.
Laboratory tests and meningitis symptoms
Laboratory tests of blood routine, increased white blood cells, neutrophils increases, with severe meningeal irritation occurs, 1-2 day developed into meningitis. Characterized by high fever continues back, headaches severe, frequent vomiting, restlessness in children with, scream or sleepiness in sleep, mental trance, often accompanied by convulsions or even coma.
In addition, the outbreak of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis type depending on the clinical signs are divided into shock, meningitis and mixed type, if the rescue is not prompt, often resulting in death. There is also a light of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, later more see prevalence, onset more sustained, condition of light, fever is not high, the mind clear, nor ecchymosis, nasopharyngitis only symptoms, with a small number of small bleeding points.
Close contact was epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis important transmission route
Patients and carriers is the source of the disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome patients at the end of the incubation period has, should therefore be segregated early patients. Bacteria bacteria carriers into recovery and health:
Carrier recovery period
Most patients of nasopharynx after row bacteria of not more than three weeks, about 10% a five patients with clinical symptoms disappeared after the row of bacteria, a small number of patients undergoing strain of up to several months.
Health carriers
They are the most important source, this part of the 10-20 times greater than the patient about, because there are no clinical symptoms, it is not hard to find. Pathogenic bacteria found in nasopharyngeal secretions of patients or carriers, through coughing, sneezing, talking droplets into the air to propagate.
In addition, because pathogens in vitro viability are extremely weak, indirectly through the daily necessities of transmission of very few close contact like sleeping, embrace, feeding milk, for infants under 2 years old, such as kissing, it is easy to succumb to it. Population density, the room crowded, poorly ventilated, the Sun is missing, population flows are prone to this disease and epidemics.
Thorough treatment of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis patients lifelong immunity
Earlier, the whole, adequate use of antibiotics is the key to treatment of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Several treatment methods for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis:
Common treatment methods
Intravenous infusion, electrolyte supplementation, correct acidosis.
Antibacterial treatment methods
Penicillin intravenous continuous infusion, course 5-7; allergic to penicillin, Chloramphenicol available oral, intramuscular or intravenous, course 5-7, also use the compound sulfamethoxazole.
Treatment of fulminant epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
In addition to antibiotic treatment, should be a positive shock-resistant, elimination of cerebral edema, preventing cerebral hernia, prevent respiratory failure.
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cure rate of more than 95%. General death cases of fulminant, died of severe shock or brain hernia in the short term. Ordinary-type drugs in children with early adopters to adapt to a thorough treatment, complications and sequelae are rare. In the diagnosis of atypical case or untimely, and delayed proper treatment, prone to sequel. After suffering from epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children, be sure to complete treatment. Once the sick can be obtained after the consolidation of immunity, rarely infected with this disease.
Keep your baby away from epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, prevention is the key
· Meningococcal is likely to die in the General environment, the use of cold and hot, dry, sunny and the role of common disinfectants can kill it;
· Should change clothes in winter and spring are often open the window;
· \"Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis\" epidemic period, not to take their children to play in public places, not to bring children to the incidence of child to drop by, go out wearing a mask, these are practical measures;
· Kindergartens, schools and other child focused place available 0.3% furacilin nasal drops, spray hose or 2-3% Huang Liansu solution, 2 times a day, use 3 days. Used patchouli, eupatorium, Chinese herbal medicine, dandelion 9 g fried radix isatidis clothing, there is a certain preventive effect. Once to immediately isolate patients with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis treatment;
· Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine protection rate is above 80%, should once yearly vaccination, adsorption of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine injection. Vaccine to children aged 6 months-15, from early age from the beginning of June age, 6-12-month-old baby with 30mg dose, primary 2-pin, an interval of 3 months, at the age of 2, 4, 7, 10 months of age with this dose when the compound injection needle, primary and multiple cropping are completed before the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic season.
