13-27 week of trimester are pregnancy, the embryo during development phase is complete, the placenta has been formed, significantly reduces the risk of abortion, early pregnancy reaction disappears, is the mother and fetus are entered a period of stability. At this point, mother to become relaxed and happy mood up, growth of fetus in the womb is also fast, average weight 10 grams per day.
Nutritional characteristics of second trimester:
· Women feature: during the relative comfort of pregnant women
· Nutrition Tips: redress and compensate for best period, adjustments and supplementary nutrition
Fetus: \"relative comfort\" increase the number of pregnant and fetal growth and development, in particular the development of the brain, not only weight increase, and began to rapidly increase in the number of brain cells, so the need for additional nutrients beneficial to brain development. Such as phospholipids and cholesterol and other lipids. Differentiation of fetal viscera system start, began to form a cycle function, liver and kidney function, fetal strengthening the function of each system, the maternal burden, increase demand and consumption. Such as: kidneys need to exhaust itself and fetal metabolic waste, glomerular filtration capacity increase renal blood flow increase burdens. Ossification of fetal bones start, weight, breast and uterus of the mother increases in size, maternal functions of various organs, system strengthening, increase basal metabolism, and starting from the second trimester, parent will be gradually stored in a certain amount of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron and other nutrients.
Pregnant women: reduce pregnancy reaction, appetite increase, abdominal uplift is not prominent, freedom of physical activity. This is a corrected, and cover, and adjustment, and supplementary of excellent period, to full using this period, corrected early pregnant vomiting period caused of electric media disorder, cover early nutrients of lost, adjustment body of nutrition status, system to for the aspects of check, combination itself of specific situation, can and nutrition professionals tie, regularly do nutrition monitoring and evaluation, aimed at under fetal growth development of need, timely supplementary various by required of nutrients, to mother and baby best of care.
· Supplementary principles: what deficiency in second trimester, and what, short of how much, and how much, it is necessary to pay attention to malnutrition, and also prevent the nutrition and avoid blind effect, a is to avoid unbalanced nutrition, two is to avoid overweight during pregnancy, postpartum weight loss difficult. Supply standards in connection with the second trimester, structured diet, meat pigment mix, weight, and mixed intake, the pattern is complete, real body is in good conditions of nutritional balance.
Second trimester prospective mother\'s diet should be
Due to the rapid fetal growth, demand will increase for all the nutrients, so the middle period of pregnancy the mother needs to add rich nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, and so on. Therefore, must be suitably increased intake of these substances, eat more eggs, dairy products, meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits, to ensure that the development of the fetus.
Increased heat
Due to the trimester basal metabolism enhancing, increased use of sugar. Before pregnancy should be based on increased energy, staple food intake per day should be at or higher than 4,009 (82), and fine grain and coarse-grain mix food, heat increase of Visual mother to increases in body weight, intensity adjustment.
Guarantee high quality full quantity of proteins
In order to meet the needs of maternal and fetal tissue growth and consumption for childbirth and postpartum lactation of appropriate reserves, protein intake should be increased, more every day than early pregnancy 15-259 protein. Animal proteins accounted for more than half of all proteins.
Supply of suitable fat
Fats started in the abdominal wall, the back. And other parts of the thigh Stockpiling, doing necessary energy storage for childbirth and postpartum lactation. Mother should be appropriate to increase the amount of vegetable oil, also may be appropriate to select fresh peanut kernel. Walnut. Sesame with high content of essential fatty acids of food.
Adequate intake of vitamins
Second trimester folate, vitamin B6 vitamin B17. Vitamin c and other b vitamins they need increased intake of these vitamins should be added. This requires that the trimester selected rice. And match crops to ensure mother to intake enough nutrition. Areas there will be sunshine time is short in the north part of the mother to a lack of vitamin d, it should be noticed that some people eating more sea water fish. Food of animal liver and egg yolk is rich in vitamin d.
Eat plenty of inorganic salts and trace elements
Quasi mother from pregnant medium-term began accelerated calcium of absorption and body calcium of storage, if quasi mother was does not to adequate of calcium, first, to guarantee fetal on calcium of need, maternal will spent itself bones in the of calcium, results makes quasi mother blood calcium reduce, induced leg cramp or hand tetany, serious Shi quasi mother appears bone loose, and bone softening; second, will makes children-patient congenital rickets, children was born Hou due to body of calcium reserves volume insufficient, newborn period easy appears hand tetany syndrome, performance for upset disturbed, and muscle convulsions, and looked made green, and laryngeal spasm, and wrist ankle array generalized tonic-clonic,. Therefore, mother to calcium is very important. Chinese nutrition society suggested that second trimester 1000 mg of calcium daily intake. Therefore, trimester mother have to eat calcium rich foods, add milk and dairy products, soy products. The fish. Foods such as shrimp.
Formation and development of fetal growth of bones and teeth need calcium, daily supply capacity of 800 mg of calcium in normal adults, the second trimester than before pregnancy increase supply of calcium 200 mg, 1000 mg daily should be intake.
Calcium supplement should be paid attention to in the course of the following three areas:
First: the uptake of calcium-containing abundant food. Such as: milk is the best food sources of calcium, there are dairy, seafood, soybean and soybean products, dark green leafy vegetables, and so on. Guaranteed every day to drink two bags of milk or a milk, soy milk bags.
Second: increasing outdoor activities, accept UV irradiation, make the body produce vitamin d calcium absorption.
Thirdly, appropriate
Increased movement, through the movement of skeletal muscles on the calcium deposition in bone, calcium to be used by the body. A walk in the sunny road, adhere to 30-40 minutes a day; doing conditioning exercises in pregnant women on the spacious playground.Adequate zinc intake are equally important. If the fetus does not receive sufficient zinc, can affect bone growth of fetus; cause intrauterine growth retardation; fetal immunity decrease. Chinese nutrition society recommends that the mother is 20 mg daily of zinc intake. Therefore, the mother to eat oysters, meat. Animal liver. Eggs, with zinc-rich foods such as seafood. And second trimester on iodine requirements have also increased, so also should eat food containing iodine, timely complement of seafood such as kelp, Laver.
